Broad suffered the injury during the warm-up in training on Tuesday and will play no further part in the five-match series.
England called up Saqib Mahmood as cover on Wednesday, with James Anderson also set to miss the second Test at Lord's this week after struggling with a tight thigh.
An England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) statement read: "England seamer Stuart Broad has sustained a tear to his right calf and has been ruled out of the Test series against India.
"He underwent an MRI scan in London on Wednesday lunchtime, which revealed a tear."
Mahmood could be set to make his Test debut on Thursday in the absence of England's vastly experienced new-ball pairing of Broad and Anderson.
Pace duo Mark Wood and Craig Overton are also pushing for recalls, while off-spinning all-rounder Moeen Ali was added to the squad this week following a first Test that ended in a draw at Trent Bridge.
Fast bowler Broad has been a batting enigma at international level, boasting a top score of 169 and now 13 half-centuries, but there have also been 35 ducks and abundant single-figure scores across his 205 innings.
His 62 on Saturday was bludgeoned from just 45 balls, allowing England to recover after collapsing from 262-4 to 280-8 in their first innings, the hosts eventually posting 369 all out.
West Indies were in trouble on 137-6 at stumps in response, with Broad and James Anderson both returning figures of 2-17, leading to talk of a possible follow-on.
Broad said England "had a great day", but he had an exceptional day.
"Batting is such a frustrating, weird thing," Broad told Sky Sports.
"If you'd told me this morning I'd get 10, I'd have been pretty happy to shake your hand and take it. You end up getting 60 and end up kicking the ground you've not got 70.
"It's the weirdest thing in the world. It's great to get 60, but I'm annoyed I hit a full toss straight down deep mid-wicket's throat now."
The 34-year-old revealed how former England head coach Peter Moores, now at Nottinghamshire, had provided several useful pointers towards Broad becoming a better batsman.
"He came to me in June and said about looking at how Shane Warne played, particularly in the 2005 Ashes when he scored some really useful runs," Broad said.
"It was quite unorthodox and opening up different parts of the field. I looked at that, did a bit research at how he went about it and decided that was quite a good way for me to go, to open up the off side as I look scoring through there. To try and keep my head out of falling over.
"It's really hard to tell in the nets – you need match practice at it – but I felt really comfortable today. The situation helped – it was not one of those to hang around for two hours and see where we went, it was one of those to try and take attack to the bowlers."
Broad succeeded where many colleagues failed on the second morning of the match, before a pace onslaught from England left West Indies in deep trouble.
Having the option to make the tourists follow on in the series decider would be a dream scenario for England, and West Indies will require 33 more runs to avoid that possible fate.
"That's definitely something we will be hunting for, especially with some weather around," Broad said.
"You don't want to read too much into the forecast, but if we got the chance to enforce the follow-on, it would be a serious consideration because we are desperate to win this series.
"If that gives us the best chance to do that, the bowlers will be fresh and ready to go."
Joe Root confirmed on the eve of England's first game of the summer at Lord's that paceman Broad will be his deputy.
Broad steps in with Ben Stokes still recovering from a fractured finger and Jos Buttler rested after completing a quarantine period following the cancellation of the Indian Premier League.
England face the Black Caps at Edgbaston after starting the two-match series at Lord's this week.
Broad revealed he considered retiring after he was left "frustrated, angry and gutted" over his omission from the side for the first Test against West Indies in July before responding with some outstanding performances.
James Anderson will match Alastair Cook's record of 161 Test appearances if he is named in the team to face on Kane Williamson's side in London on Wednesday.
Jason Holder won a delayed toss and, under heavy skies in Manchester, opted to bowl first as West Indies chase a series-clinching victory.
While the tourists are unsurprisingly unchanged after their four-wicket triumph in Southampton last week, England have made four alterations to their team.
Joe Root - who missed the previous game due to the birth of his second child - returns to captain this side in place of Joe Denly, but England are without Jofra Archer, who was excluded from the squad following a breach of bio-secure protocols.
The pace bowler is to isolate for five days, during which he will undertake two COVID-19 tests. Both results need to be negative before his period of self-isolation is lifted.
Archer's absence was only confirmed on the morning of the Test, England having already announced on Wednesday that fellow pace bowlers James Anderson and Mark Wood would be rested at Old Trafford.
The uncapped Ollie Robinson misses out as Broad, Curran and Woakes get the nod.
"A statement has gone out this morning and as a side we've got to look at the next five days and put in a good performance to bounce back from last week," Root told Sky Sports after the toss.
The England skipper also confirmed that despite Archer being ruled out, there was no consideration to adding either Anderson or Wood to the 12-man squad.
"With both of those, having come back from two serious injuries, it seemed very high risk to play them in this game," Root added. "This is a must-win game for us, but we have to look after them."
England host New Zealand in a three-Test series, starting at Lord's on Thursday, as new Test coach Brendon McCullum welcomes his home country in his first game in charge.
McCullum has already hinted Broad and James Anderson, who have 1,117 Test wickets between them, could feature together after the pair's surprise omission from the West Indies tour in March.
Broad is reportedly contending with Craig Overton for the final spot in the England XI, with the hosts widely expected to select spinner Jack Leach and the seaming duo of Anderson and Matthew Potts.
Nottinghamshire bowler Broad, though, says he will give he is all should he return for England in the first Test.
Asked whether he feared for his future in the red-ball team, Broad responded on Tuesday: "No, not at all. I still felt like I had a lot to offer to the team.
"As a professional sportsperson, if you don't believe you're one of the best bowlers in the country then you're stuffed, aren't you? My mindset was still that I was in the best bowling group, particularly in England.
"Missing out on the West Indies was disappointing. But my approach was to take March off, chill out, and get really fresh, buzzing to play and come back with Notts ready to strike at the right time.
"I've actually done a lot of work with Chris Marshall, the Notts psychologist, on my mindset, because I think that's the most important thing for me going forward.
"Rather than going through the summer and thinking, 'I really want to make sure I'm fit for that second Test of the South Africa series', life doesn't work like that.
"It's very much a case of be grateful for what I've got this week, give my heart and soul for this week, and then if I'm a bit stiff and sore next week or don't play, they want to give a new bowler some experience, then great.
"Give everything to this week, train hard and, if I get in the team, everything will be left on that field.
"I said to Jimmy, whether we get 0-100 or 5-30, the performance doesn't matter right now, it's all about us giving everything to the England shirt and the environment.
"We're good enough that the results will look after themselves in the long run anyway. I feel like I'm bowling well and I'm ready to have an impact on England winning games again."
Brook, 24, came to the crease with England in a dire position, sitting at 21-3 after Zak Crawley, Ben Duckett and Ollie Pope all found themselves dismissed in a combined 39 deliveries.
New Zealand quick Matt Henry took the first wicket, finding the outside edge of Crawley in the fourth over, and after that one went through to Tom Blundell with the gloves on, Pope edged to third-slip off Henry's very next over.
Michael Bracewell snagged another catch at third slip when Tim Southee found Ben Duckett's edge, leaving the visitors in a precarious position, but they were just getting started.
With Joe Root down the other end, Brook showed no fear, maintaining a strike rate near 100 his entire innings as he blasted his way to 100 off 107 deliveries.
It was his fourth century from nine Test innings, and while he still has his sights set on his first double-century, he continued to push the tempo, reaching stumps at 184 not-out off 169 deliveries.
Root played the steady hand, climbing his way to 101 not-out off 182 deliveries, with just 28 of his runs coming from boundaries (seven fours). In contrast, 126 of Brook's runs have come through boundaries (24 fours, five sixes).
The sides were only able to get through 65 overs before the rain arrived, forcing stumps to be called early with England at 315-3.
Harry making history
Brook has burst onto the scene as arguably the most exciting young Test batsman in recent years, and his strike rate of 99.38 is the highest in Test history for players with at least 200 runs in their first five Tests.
He currently has 807 total runs – at an average of 100.87 – giving him a chance to overtake Sunil Gavaskar (912) and Sir Donald Bradman (862) as the only batsmen in Test history with more runs in their first six matches.
Root moves one step closer to Cook's record
Root's century was his 29th while wearing the Test whites for his country, and he took one more step towards reaching Alastair Cook's record of 33. Root is now six centuries clear of third-placed Kevin Pietersen.
Brook scored 111 as England posted a first innings total of 354 on day two of the third Test in Karachi, taking a first innings lead of 50, though the hosts cut that to 29 after finishing the day on 21 without loss.
The 23-year-old has made three centuries in three Tests during the tour of Pakistan, vindicating captain Ben Stokes' decision to pick him as a replacement for Bairstow, who enjoyed a free-scoring 2022 before a freak leg injury ruled him out for several months.
Bairstow will be eyeing a return ahead of next year's Ashes series, and Brook says he would back him for an immediate recall, though hopes his own scintillating form has thrown a wrench into the plans of England's selectors.
Brook also broke Alastair Cook's record of 450 runs from 2015-16 to score the most runs by an English men's cricketer in an overseas Test series against Pakistan.
"Most selectors say they like headaches, so hopefully I've caused a very big migraine," he said after the close of play on Sunday. "It's too hard to say at the moment.
"I think Jonny is one of the best players, if not the best player, in the world. He was this summer anyway. For me, he comes straight back into the side.
"Obviously, I'm not selecting the team, but he's such a big player for the side, and he has been for so many years."
Brook acknowledged he had exceeded his own expectations with his form in Pakistan, after his latest century steered England ahead in the third and final Test of a series they have already won.
Having also helped England to the T20 World Cup in Australia, Brook said he is enjoying his achievements on tour.
"I actually said to one of my mates before I came out here that I would love to get two hundreds out here," he added. "So obviously to go one better is a very nice feeling."
The futures of skipper Jos Buttler and head coach Matthew Mott are up in the air after England's failure to successfully defend their 50-over and T20 World Cup titles.
Brook, who has risen to third in the ICC Test batting rankings, a place behind his team-mate Joe Root, is a possible candidate to take on the captaincy.
The 25-year-old starred in England's win over the West Indies last week, scoring a fifth Test century at Trent Bridge from 139 balls in their 241-run triumph.
Brook is due to lead Northern Superchargers in the 100-ball tournament under coach Andrew Flintoff, who was England’s assistant coach at the T20 World Cup in June.
"This is my first captaincy role with the Superchargers," Brook said. "We'll see how that goes and then maybe I'll have a different answer in a couple of months.
"I don't see anything happening any time soon, so I'll just stay in the moment and focus on Test cricket."
Brook will join up with the Superchargers following England's third and final Test against West Indies at Edgbaston, which begins on Friday.
England’s schedule makes it difficult for Brook or any other Test regular to captain the white-ball team. The first T20 against Australia is the day after the Test series against Sri Lanka finishes.
The ODI series later that month ends a couple of days before England fly to Pakistan to play Tests. That series finishes on October 28, with an ODI series in the Caribbean beginning three days later.
"I want to play every Test match I can for England," said Brook.
"Test cricket is my priority. I don't want to think too far ahead. The Ashes is a long way away and we have a lot of Test cricket before then. My main focus is to stay in the moment and not get ahead of myself."
Joe Root won the toss and elected to bat on a Nottinghamshire surface that promised assistance to the seamers and the tourists took advantage with a masterful performance.
Only Root offered any significant resistance with a fluent 64 as Jasprit Bumrah (4-46) and Mohammed Shami (3-28) excelled to skittle the hosts for 183.
Rohit Sharma and KL Rahul guided India to 21 without loss at stumps, showing far more aptitude than England's top order.
Rory Burns was brilliantly set up in a first over examination from Bumrah, who pushed deliveries across the left-hander before bringing one back in to trap him lbw – the first of four ducks on the England card.
Virat Kohli's excitably erratic reviewing can prove a hindrance at times but he was vindicated in going upstairs to discover Zak Crawley, who appeared in good touch en route to 27, got a faint inside edge behind off Mohammed Siraj (1-48).
Dom Sibley shovelled Shami to short midwicket in the second over after lunch to curtail a painstaking 18, uniting Root with his great friend Jonny Bairstow for a solid stand of 72 that suggested England might have got to grips with a considerable task.
But Shami successfully reviewed to have Bairstow lbw for 29 on the stroke of tea and Dan Lawrence, Jos Buttler and Ollie Robinson all came and went without scoring around Root being trapped in front by Shardul Thakur (2-41).
From 138-3, England had slumped to 155-8, whereupon a breezy 27 not out from Sam Curran offered some brief respite. Such moments might be few and far between in this series for Root's men on this evidence.
The final match of the series begins in Ahmedabad on Thursday, March 4, with India 2-1 ahead after their 10-wicket win in a third game that was wrapped up inside two days.
Bumrah bowled just six overs as India let the spinners do the damage in that match, and now his involvement in the Test series is over.
The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) said in a statement: "Jasprit Bumrah made a request to BCCI to be released from India’s squad ahead of the fourth Test owing to personal reasons.
"Accordingly, the fast bowler has been released and he will not be available for selection for the fourth Test. There will be no addition to India’s squad for the final Test."
It means Bumrah misses a second match in the series, having been rested for the second Test in Chennai when captain Virat Kohli said it was important to "manage his workload".
Bumrah has taken 83 wickets in his first 19 Test appearances, with his last match being the first time he has gone without a wicket. It was also the first Test in which he has bowled fewer than 23 overs for India.
Bumrah underwent an operation in New Zealand last month and the procedure was a success.
The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) revealed paceman Bumrah began his rehabilitation at the National Cricket Academy (NCA) in Bangalore on Friday.
Bumrah has been sidelined since a home T20l series against Australia in September.
Meanwhile, Iyer will undergo surgery on his lower back next week.
The batter will remain in the surgeon's care for a fortnight before returning to the NCA to start his rehabilitation.
Iyer and Bumrah were forced to miss the ongoing Indian Premier League due to their injuries.
Chasing a target of 305, the hosts recovered from the loss of Aiden Markram (1) and Keegan Petersen (17) to reach 74-2, before Bumrah (2-22) bowled Rassie van der Dussen for 11, and then sent down a perfect yorker to remove nightwatchman Keshav Maharaj (8) with the last ball before stumps.
South Africa will resume on day five on 94-4, still needing 211 runs to win.
The Proteas had earlier dismissed India for just 174, with Kagiso Rabada and Marco Jansen particularly impressing.
While Lungi Ngidi produced a brilliant 6-71 in the first innings, it was Rabada (4-42) and debutant Jansen (4-55) who did the damage in the second, with the latter dismissing Virat Kohli when the India captain edged behind to Quinton de Kock for 18.
KL Rahul, who scored 123 in the first innings, was out for just 23 this time, but the 334 balls he faced across both innings was the most by an overseas opener at Centurion, the third-most by any opener, and the second-most by an overseas player, with only Australia's Shaun Marsh facing more (372 in 2014).
Mohammed Shami, who claimed his 200th Test wicket on day three, bowled Markram early in South Africa's reply before Mohammed Siraj got the wicket of Petersen shortly after tea, caught behind by Rishabh Pant.
Bumrah picked up two more wickets late on, and despite a spirited 52 not out from Proteas captain Dean Elgar, South Africa have work to do to salvage a result on day five.
Jansen bodes well as one for the future
It was not the start to Test cricket that Jansen will have envisioned, ending day one of his debut with figures of 0-61, but after taking his first wicket of Bumrah early on day two, the 21-year-old has not looked back.
He was a constant threat in the second innings, taking the wickets of Mayank Agarwal, Kohli, Ajinkya Rahane and Siraj. At an imposing 6ft 8in, Jansen already looks to be the sort of figure that batsmen will not relish facing, especially once he has more experience under his belt.
Collapse does not see India relinquish control
Pant top scored for the tourists on day four, with just 34, while only two others managed more than 20 to contribute to a measly total of 174. However, it was still enough to set South Africa a daunting target of 305.
The highest successful fourth innings run chase at SuperSport Park in history is 251 (England in January 2000), while the highest fourth innings score there is 268 (also England in December 2019), and Kohli will be aware that their second innings total was in part down to the increasingly difficult pitch.
Weather permitting, he will fancy his team's chances of clinching victory.
In the series decider, the hosts were thrilled with their efforts to reduce the tourists to 223 all-out in their first innings, but could manage only 210 themselves thanks in large parts to the expert bowling of Bumrah.
South Africa began on 17-1 and Bumrah soon had his first wicket of the day and second of the innings as he bowled Aiden Markram for just eight.
Keshav Maharaj (25) was bowled by Umesh Yadav to leave the Proteas 45-3, only partnerships between Keegan Petersen and Rassie van der Dussen, and then Petersen and Temba Bavuma, to give the hosts a good chance of eventually establishing a lead themselves.
Things looked to be going against India when Virat Kohli dropped Bavuma on 17, but he atoned to with a catch off Mohammed Shami's bowling.
Shami forced an edge from Kyle Verreynne (0) just two balls later to reduce South Africa to 159-6, before Bumrah took centre stage again as he bowled Marco Jansen (seven) with the last ball before tea and removed Petersen, who managed an impressive knock of 72, shortly after the start of the third session.
Shardul Thakur saw off Kagiso Rabada (15), before Bumrah closed the innings by dismissing Lungi Ngidi (3) to clinch his five-for.
With India starting their second innings with a 13-run lead, South Africa responded well – openers KL Rahul (10) and Mayank Agarwal (seven) both gone in the first six overs – though Cheteshwar Pujara and Kohli steadied the ship in the closing stages to finish the day on 57-2, 70 ahead.
Bumrah the man of the moment
Bumrah had bowled an excellent spell at the end of day one, managing 23 dot balls and taking the wicket of Dean Elgar in a short session before stumps and he started day two in similar fashion.
His figures of 5-42 from 23.3 overs put his team in a much stronger position than they likely would have expected and could prove decisive in this winner-takes-all Test.
Petersen the lone resistance
In just his eighth Tests innings, Petersen hit his highest score to date, which was made all the more impressive considering the quality of bowling he was up against and the regularity with which his team-mates were being sent back into the pavilion.
Kohli's 79 in India's first innings is the only other half century achieved in the match so far, and Petersen's came with a better strike rate (43.37 compared to 39.30).
Regular skipper Sharma tested positive for COVID-19 last Saturday, with Mayank Agarwal called up to the squad to provide cover.
Having again returned a positive test on Thursday, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) confirmed Sharma will play no part at Edgbaston.
Bumrah will step up for his maiden stint as captain at any level, with Rishabh Pant as his deputy, and becomes the first fast bowler to lead India since Kapil Dev in 1987.
Virat Kohli skippered India in the first four Tests last year, with the final match being pushed back by nine months due to a COVID-19 outbreak in the tourists' camp.
Rohit's absence will leave a huge void to be filled, the 35-year-old's 368 runs across the first four Tests bettered only by the 564 managed by England's Joe Root.
England have a coronavirus absentee of their own for the fifth Test, which India lead 2-1, as Ben Foakes has failed to recover in time for the start of play on Friday.
Sam Billings, who was called up to the squad during the final Test of England's 3-0 whitewash of New Zealand, will therefore keep his place behind the stumps.
James Anderson returns to the England team in place of Jamie Overton, meanwhile, despite the latter impressing against the Black Caps.
The fast bowler has struggled with fitness issues over the past year and has not played any cricket since September last year after a reported stress reaction.
Bumrah withdrew at the time from a home white-ball series with South Africa and saw a subsequent attempt to return to action hindered against Sri Lanka in January.
Now, having undergone a successful operation, he faces a prolonged recovery, with the BCCI hopeful he will be back to full fitness ahead of a home World Cup starting in October.
The 29-year-old is expected to remain in New Zealand until the end of March, with surgery ruling him out of participation in both the 2023 IPL season and a potential World Test Championship final.
From there, the BCCI hope for him to resume training and bowling by August, with a steady workload increase ahead of the 50-over tournament two months later.
Bumrah already missed India's campaign in last year's T20 World Cup, as they reached the semi-finals before suffering a dramatic 10-wicket loss to England.
His absence does not look to have been felt during their current red-ball series against Australia however, with the hosts leading 2-1 ahead of the fourth and final Test starting Thursday.
Captain Rohit Sharma has already warned against rushing him back prematurely, as India seek to win a first World Cup since 2011.
India hammered Sri Lanka by an innings and 222 runs in the first Test in Mohali.
Rohit Sharma's first Test as captain was one-sided, with Ravindra Jadeja claiming match figures of 9-87 and scoring a magnificent unbeaten 175.
India are strong favourites to complete a whitewash by winning a second Test in Bengaluru that starts on Saturday.
Pacemen Bumrah says they must adapt quickly to conditions in the day-night match.
He said: "There are mental changes you have to make. Growing up, we haven't played a lot with the pink ball.
"We are not used to catching the pink ball, bowling with the pink ball, and as batters, playing against the pink ball.
"Whatever little games we've played we're trying to get feedback from those games - certain ways the ball behaves under the lights, and how to adjust. We're still very new in this format. We're playing a pink-ball Test after a long time."
He added: "As professional cricketers, it is our job to adjust as soon as we can. Sometimes the pink ball reaches you sooner than you expect.
"The timing is different. In a normal Test match the ball swings more in the morning session. Here maybe the ball won't do much in the afternoon, but in the evening it could probably swing more.
"There are many such small pointers. We haven't played many day-night matches, and whatever we have done have been in different conditions. We are just trying to work on whatever little we have noticed in our limited experience."
The tourists will be without batter Pathum Nissanka, who scored an unbeaten half-century in the first innings of the opening Test but has sustained a back injury.
India welcome back fit-again spinner Axar Patel, with Kuldeep Yadav released from the squad.
Ashwin closing in on another milestone
Jadeja was the star of the first Test, earning the man of the match award and returning to the top of the Test all-rounder rankings.
Fellow spinner Ravichandran Ashwin also made a big impact, taking six wickets in the match and scoring an excellent 61.
Ashwin needs another 95 runs to reach the 3,000 landmark. When he achieves that feat, he will become only the second India player to take 200 wickets and score 3,000 Test runs.
Lakmal set for swansong
Suranga Lakmal is set to feature in his final Test at the age of 35.
The Sri Lanka seamer has signed for Derbyshire and this will be the last match of his international career.
Lakmal has taken 170 wickets in 69 Tests and he will be sorely missed by Sri Lanka.
Warner is likely to play at the Sydney Cricket Ground after missing the opening two matches in the series that is now tied at 1-1 following the tourists' impressive victory in Melbourne.
Burns was the man to miss out after registering scores of 8, 51 not out, 0 and 4 in the opening two Tests.
"Joe Burns has been released from the squad and will return to the Brisbane Heat," said chairman of selectors Trevor Hohns.
"Unfortunately, Joe's returns haven't been what he or the selectors would like or what we consider he is capable of.
"David has made strong progress in his recovery from injury and will be given every chance to play in Sydney with another seven days until the match."
There may be another change to the batting line-up with Will Pucovski also included in the squad.
The 22-year-old was due to play in the series opener in Adelaide before suffering another concussion, the ninth of his career. Pucovski's versatility means he could bat anywhere in the top six.
Hohns added: "Will is in the final stages of the graduated return to play protocols and has been symptom free for some time.
"He will be fit to play in Sydney subject to completing the return to play protocols and an independent assessment."
Paceman Sean Abbott was also included after overcoming a calf problem.
The Australia squad for the third and fourth Tests against India is: Tim Paine (c), Sean Abbott, Pat Cummins, Cameron Green, Marcus Harris, Josh Hazlewood, Travis Head, Moises Henriques, Marnus Labuschagne, Nathan Lyon, Michael Neser, James Pattinson, Will Pucovski, Steve Smith, Mitchell Starc, Mitchell Swepson, Matthew Wade, David Warner
Burns was picked for the first Test against India despite being in dismal form, and the opener repaid the selectors' faith with an unbeaten half-century in the second innings of the eight-wicket victory.
Before that unbeaten 51, Burns had made just 70 runs in his previous 10 innings.
The 31-year-old said it was special knowing he still had the support of head coach Langer despite his struggles.
"Obviously, JL has been right in my corner over the last few weeks. Working closely with him in the days leading up to the first Test match, that's exactly how we wanted to approach the game," Burns told a news conference on Monday.
"More than anything in the preparation he wanted me to really play my shots in training and be strong minded in our approach. It's always a special feeling when you're not making runs and you have someone in your corner, then to go out and get some on the board.
"In terms of going forward now, every Test match I play I just want to make big hundreds and try to win games of cricket for Australia. That doesn't change. If I made a pair last game, it wouldn't change going into the next match.
"I can see how people make assumptions of how you may be thinking, but at the end of the day, this game at this level is too challenging to even contemplate or think about those sorts of things. For me anyway, I find the game pretty challenging as is."
With David Warner (adductor) and Will Pucovski (concussion) out, Burns opened alongside Matthew Wade in the first Test.
Warner is seemingly the more likely of the injured pair to return for the Boxing Day Test in Melbourne, but Burns also praised Wade, who made 33 in the second innings.
"I think Wade's role can't be understated. He came out in that fourth innings and those run chases can be tricky, especially when you see a team get bundled out for 30-odd," Burns said.
"We knew that they had to be aggressive and Wadey is such a tenacious player and he's got so much experience and knowhow. I just loved his intent, the fact that he kept the momentum rolling straight into our innings and didn't let them get on top at any stage. Very unfortunate the way he got dismissed, but he did a fantastic job.
"We haven't heard any final ideas about injuries and what not. I think we'll find out more over the coming days. Obviously, we're still in Adelaide at the moment, I think Dave is in Melbourne at the moment as well. We're still soaking up this Test match here."
The opener, whose place for the first Test is under threat, fell for just one in the second innings, trapped lbw by Mohammed Shami in Sydney.
Burns has been in poor form ahead of the series opener beginning in Adelaide on Thursday.
The right-hander fell for a duck in the first innings, while he made scores of four and 0 in the previous tour match.
It comes after Burns scored just 57 runs in five Sheffield Shield innings for Queensland to begin the season.
His form comes at a time when Australia are dealing with injuries to top-order batsmen, with David Warner (adductor) and Will Pucovski (concussion) already ruled out of the first Test.
Burns' combination with Warner had been talked up before the explosive left-hander suffered his injury.
In 27 Test innings, Burns and Warner have scored 1,365 runs at an average of 50.55, including averaging 65.4 against Pakistan and New Zealand in 2019-20.
Marcus Harris, who like Pucovski was in good form to begin the Shield season, made scores of 26 and five, having departed for 35 and finished with 25 not out in the first tour game.
The top-order woes have led to suggestions Shaun Marsh, 37, could return, with only Pucovski (495) having scored more Sheffield Shield runs than his 485 this season.
But frmer Australia wicketkeeper Ian Healy hopes Australia look elsewhere.
"I hope not. Not because it's Shaun, but because we've got heaps of players that have performed in those Shield games and you don't have to go back to a 37-year-old player," he told SEN.
"I want to see him play Shield cricket for as long as he wants and help a lot of blokes, but we're better than having to go back to Shaun I reckon."
Captain Joe Root's side begin their quest for glory on December 8 in Brisbane as they look to inflict a blow on Australia, who recently enjoyed T20 World Cup success in the United Arab Emirates.
Buttler, who is England's vice-captain and wicket-keeper in the longest format, has never played a Test match Down Under and averages just 20.50 in 18 red-ball innings against Australia – only against South Africa does he average fewer runs.
But the 31-year-old intends to embrace the fearless approach that served him so well at the T20 World Cup, where he bludgeoned 269 runs at an average of 89.66.
"I feel like I have nothing to lose, to be honest," Buttler told reporters at Tuesday's virtual news conference.
"It's sort of been a disjointed year, the one just gone. Some good form and some bad form and in the year before as well.
"But I certainly have nothing to lose. I come here and it's the first time I'm experiencing an Ashes series [in Australia] so I'm fully determined to enjoy all the challenges that throws up.
"I'm excited to experience it: the good, the bad, and I'm sure the highs and lows along the way.
"As a player at the minute I'm trying to bring a fearless approach and to truly try and embrace the opportunity.
"I sort of feel like I'm in that stage in my career with nothing to lose, but to give my best, and I know when I get to somewhere near my best that's going to be pretty good."
The Ashes has already been hitting the headlines with Australia captain Tim Paine stepping down to take a break away from cricket for mental health reasons following a lewd-texting scandal.
Pat Cummins takes the leadership role as the fast bowler becomes Australia's 47th Test captain, and Buttler claims whoever can ignore off-field issues the best will succeed.
"Around the Ashes there's always certain things that go on. The guys that can sort of park off-field issues or deal with the distractions an Ashes series throws up, and perform well when the ball is being delivered, is the team that's going to play best," he said.
Despite having not played a Test match in Australia before, Buttler believes he can call upon white-ball experiences to compete against Cummins' new side.
"I've not played a red-ball game out here, bar some Lions cricket a number of years ago," he said.
"I've been to Australia quite a few times and played ODIs, T20s and the Big Bash as well.
"So familiarity with some conditions is something I can dip into and hopefully not be surprised by. But I think the challenge always as a player is to adapt to any conditions that are in front of you and adapt quickly.
"But certainly, I will try to dip into that experience, and I'm in my early 30s now so have played quite a bit of cricket and hopefully know what to expect."
